Арбет Мрамор / Arbet Mramor / Map "Moscow, the capital city of the whole White Russia", Cologne, 1610 in a baguette - a replica

Map "Moscow, the capital city of all White Russia", Cologne, 1610 in a baguette Size with baguette 84 X 64 cm. The map "Moscow, the capital city of all of White Russia" in the literature is called "Abelina - Kiliana". The 1610 edition is a rarity. In 1618, in the sixth volume of the Atlas Brown and Hogenberg "Spectacle of the World's Great Cities", released in Cologne, a reduced re-engraving of the Abelin-Kilian plan on one sheet was published. Engraving on copper, 35 x 46 cm, watercolor, the reproduction of which is presented on this map - an extraordinary work of art. This is not a map, but a picture. In the second half of the 15th century, Moscow became the official heiress of the defeated Constantinople after the fall of the “second Rome” in 1453. In 1472, the Russian sovereign Ivan III, the grandfather of Ivan IV, married the niece of the last Byzantine emperor Zoe Paleolog, who arrived in Moscow and was named after her marriage Sofia Fominichnaya. In 1497 a new coat of arms of Russia was introduced - a black two-headed Byzantine eagle. Russia-Tartaria, therefore, claimed claims to be the successor of Byzantium. In the upper right corner there is this emblem in the form of a two-headed eagle, and in the center is the equally famous George the Victorious, defeating the serpent. The name is a little surprising: "the capital city of all WHITE RUSSIA." After the reign of Ivan IV (Grozny) during the time of great turmoil and the struggle for the throne of a vast empire, which ultimately ended in the victory of the Romanovs, Russia (it is Tartaria, it is Mongolia from the word "a lot") was divided into three kingdoms: - Great Russia, it is the Golden Horde, which extended to the entire southern and eastern part of Vladimir, including Siberia; - Little Russia, it’s the Blue Horde — Little Russia, the territory of modern Ukraine, it’s Kievan Rus; - White Russia, it is the White Horde, located north and west of Vladimir, including Muscovy, modern Belarus, Lithuania, Smolensk and Pskov regions. Moscow was the capital of this kingdom at that moment, which was reflected in the name of this map, drawn up in 1610 at the end of the Great Troubles, 3 years before the first Romanov’s accession to the throne. Interestingly, the difference in reprimand has survived from this division of territories to the present day. In Great Russia, "okali", and in White - "sharks". And now in Moscow and in the north-west of Russia they are “okay”, and starting from Vladimir to central and eastern Siberia they are “okay”. The border of these dialects passes right through Vladimir. (G.V. Nosovsky, A.T. Fomenko “As It Was Actually”, Astrel Publishing House, 2012) The map is not traditionally located in relation to the cardinal points. The north is on the right, the west is on the top, the south is on the left and the east is on the bottom. Therefore, it would be correct to consider it by turning 90 °. In this situation, it becomes clear that the innermost fortress coincides with the inner ring, which form the streets of Mokhovaya, Teatralny Proezd, Novaya Ploshchad and Kitaygorodsky passage, which is located in the same place where Kitaygorod is indicated on the map of 1610. And from the south, the Moscow River closes this ring. The second fortress wall runs along the modern boulevard ring, and the outer borders along the Garden Ring. The Moscow Kremlin today gives us an idea of an impregnable fortress, but what was it like in 1610? Was the central Russian Intercession Cathedral (St. Basil's Cathedral) located behind the fortress wall? An old map suggests otherwise, the main temple was in the very center of fortified Moscow. Many elements are still recognizable. One can see the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, built at that time, with number 5 marked “frontal place”, which is located today on Red Square outside the Kremlin walls. In the east, the Neglinka River is clearly visible, which at that time was not underground. Perhaps this is the only map that does not require additional comments. The huge city, fortified with the latest words of the then military art, looks majestic and indestructible.